Using a randomized clinical trial (RCT), this study was designed to assess the effectiveness of HIV risk-reduction interventions targeting injection drug users (IDUs) in three Ukraine regions. The investigators proposed to compare the effectiveness of a revised and updated manually-driven HIV testing and counseling intervention, the Counseling and Education (C & E) model developed by NIDA, with the C & E plus a manualized network intervention.

Booth RE, Davis JM, Dvoryak S, Brewster JT, Lisovska O, Strathdee SA, Latkin CA. HIV incidence among people who inject drugs (PWIDs) in Ukraine: results from a clustered randomised trial. Lancet HIV. 2016 Oct;3 (EN)